1. Josipa Karij, Medicinski fakultet Banja Luka ,
Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
2. Vladan Mirjanić, Medicinski fakultet Banja Luka ,
Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
A congenital anomaly is a medical (dental) term referring to an irregular development of teeth, oral cavity, jaws, or other structures of the oral region that occur during the embryonic development of a fetus. These anomalies are present at birth and can result from genetic factors, inheritance, or other influences during prenatal development. They affect the appearance, function, and health of the oral cavity, teeth, jaws, or soft tissues.
Cleft lip and cleft palate, also known as orofacial cleft, are a group of conditions that involve a separation in the lip, palate, or both. Cleft lip includes an opening in the upper lip that can extend to the nose. The opening can be on one side, on both sides, or in the middle. Cleft palate occurs when the roof of the mouth has an opening into the nasal cavity. These anomalies are polygenically and/or environmentally controlled. The treatment of cleft lip and palate depends on the severity of the malformation. For most children, during their development, they are cared for by craniofacial surgery teams, and the treatment can last a lifetime. Surgical techniques depend on the surgical team.
The primary method of detecting congenital anomalies in dentistry is through a clinical examination by a dentist. Dentists examine the oral cavity, teeth, jaws, and soft tissues to identify any abnormalities or irregularities. This clinical assessment can reveal many congenital anomalies in dentistry, such as cleft palate and lip, irregular tooth development, or jaw irregularities.
Each therapy is individual and is based on the evaluation of the specific dental congenital anomaly and the patient's needs. The dentist will conduct a detailed diagnosis and assessment to determine the most appropriate therapy for each patient. The treatment of certain dental congenital anomalies may take place over an extended period of time, and sometimes collaboration with other specialists will be necessary to achieve the best possible outcome for the patient.
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24.08.2023.
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